Again a deep trench is formed, and a volcanic mountain chain usually forms on the land example. Takehome messages earths geology is dominated by the processes of plate tectonics. Geomorphology and plate tectonics california state parks ca. Plate tectonics, our major paradigm for how the earth works, was established in the 1960ies following decades of observational research that culminated in key discoveries such as geomagnetic. New oceanic crust is formed through magma rising through the gap and cooling. America draw and label an oceanicoceanic boundary draw and label an oceaniccontinental boundary notes. There were 5 pieces of evidence that lead to this modern. The pattern of occurrence of these events is one of the key pieces of evidence for plate tectonics. Most of these occur at the diverging plate boundary that. Plate movement is driven by convection in earths mantle.
Rocks found on the ocean floor show that molten material hardened quickly, proving that lava does come up through the ocean floor. In light of this theoretical understanding, i then discuss relevant geological observations, such as plate tectonics indicators and the secular evolution of metamorphism, together with the possibility of intermittent plate tectonics. This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia plate tectonics from greek, tekton builder or mason describes the large. Since the theory of plate tectonics was first introduced, how far has the tectonic plate were standing on moved. Its depth varies from 7080 kilometres 4050 miles below the oceans to 100150 kilometres 6090 miles below the continents. A plate tectonic puzzle introduction the earths crust is not a solid shell. We now know that, directly or indirectly, plate tectonics influences nearly all geologic processes, past and present. Plate tectonics is a book of exercises and background information that introduces and demonstrates the basics of the subject. Choose from 500 different sets of plate tectonics continental drift questions flashcards on quizlet. Students will read contentrich texts, visit the david s.
Sting as the author and distribute the copies and derivative works under the same licenses that the ones stated below. Check out our image of the presentday plate boundaries. Download charlotte luongo ebook file free of charge and this book pdf found at saturday 29th of december 2012 03. The concept of global plate tectonics is a unifying theme in modern geology that integrates the earlier ideas of continental drift, seafloor spread, and mountain building to explain why the present ocean floor, which covers only 71% of earths surface area, has.
The layer below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere. Any use of this map can be made as long as you credit me eric gaba wikimedia commons user. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. This substantially revised edition includes recently published information relating to plate tectonics and continental origin.
Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. Gather, analyze, and communicate data that explains earths plates, plate motions, and the results of plate motions dok 12 d. The concept of global plate tectonics is a unifying theme in modern geology that integrates the earlier ideas of continental drift, seafloor spread, and mountain building to explain why the present ocean floor, which covers only 71% of earths surface area, has plate tectonics reveals that the lithosphere is divided into eight major pieces plates with several smaller plates fig. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
If nothing else you could use it as a sketching tool for a 3d view of a world and ignore the plate drift parts oh, and load the sample data and watch the last 140ma of earth tectonics. Plate boundary movements and their results foldable. Plate tectonics the tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. Plate tectonics in this crosssection through the earths crust, tectonic plates are shown pushing together, sliding past one another, sliding one underneath the other or moving apart. Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample. Plate tectonics pdf ebook plate tectonics read online and download ebook plate tectonics. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth.
As plates move, the new crust gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries which subsequently create midocean ridges. Piper geomagnetism laboratory, geology and geophysics, school of environmental sciences, university of liverpool, liverpool l69 7ze, uk. Nearly a century ago, in 1912, the german geologist alfred wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the earths crust slowly drift atop a. In the 1960s, scientists developed a new theory that combined continental drift and seafloor spreading. Continental drift, paleomagnetism, and plate tectonics. Internet archive contributor internet archive language english. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the. The structure of the earth, plate tectonics and landforms. In this exercise, the students will examine the pattern of earthquakes and volcanoes at occur in the atlantic ocean. Authors personal copy a planetary perspective on earth evolution. The most potent geologic forces in landscape formation are explained by the theory of plate tectonics. Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample draw your worlds plates and more.
Plate tectonics and your community performance task. Frank taylor first proposed this idea in 1910, alexander du toit later in 1937, harry hess explored the geomorphology of the seafloor by ship in 1960s. Initiation and evolution of plate tectonics on earth. Tectonic plates plate boundary referenced from bird, peter 2003 an updated digital model of plate boundaries. Plate tectonics is the surface manifestation of mantle convection, but the large contrast in viscosities between the lithosphere and the deeper mantle leads to departures from a simple boiling pot. Together they make up the layer known as the lithosphere. Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of earth structures or tectonic features. A plate tectonic model for the paleozoic and mesozoic. They move atop the underlying mantle, a really thick layer of hot flowing rock. Notes theory of plate tectonics atlanta public schools. Convergence data are shown by arrows describing direction and speed, relative to the plate across the boundary. The chapter challenge asks students to think about how they can use the theory of plate tectonics to help middle school students understand scientific theories. Plate tectonics, the study of such relative motions and their consequences, allows relating surface, geological and geophysical structures with quantified movements attributed to deep processes of the earths heat engine. A message with a reply address would also be greatly appreciated.
Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample draw. Indeed, the notion that the entire earths surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we. Indeed, the notion that the entire earths surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we view our world. The yellow arrows show which way the plates are moving. Continental platecontinental plate convergence when two continents collide, neither one will subduct into the mantle. Plate convergence vectors referenced from united states geological survey. The movements of plates over millions of years resulted in the opening and closure of oceans and the formation and disassembly of continents. Plates are composed of the crust and a part of the upper mantle, these two parts together are called the lithosphere. It is made up of thick, interconnecting pieces called tectonic plates that fit together like a puzzle. Seismic and tomographic information documents two major ways slabs can break. Plate boundaries may be in the middle of an ocean basin, around the edges of continents, or even within continents. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid. Learn plate tectonics continental drift questions with free interactive flashcards. The collision of india with eurasia is an example of continent to continent collision.
Use webbased or other technology tools to show connections and patterns in data about tectonic plate boundaries and earthquakes. Oman and the himalayas show that collision of two continents results in a complex process of thrusting and deformation and a reduction or cessation of relative convergence between plates. Ms word and pdf versions of this document are located at. Chapter10 plate tectonics boiling springs high school. Each plate consists of a piece of the earths outer layer, the crust, plus a thin layer of outer mantle that lies beneath it.
Plate tectonics, the study of such relative motions and. Scientists found evidence from molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples to back up wegeners theory. In a lively and lucid manner, it brings together a great deal of material in spherical trigonometry that is necessary to understand plate tectonics and the research literature written about it. Continental drift 1912 alfred wegener meteorologist theory. Plate tectonics qfiles the online library of knowledge. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia plate tectonics from greek, tekton. Some of the most dramatic changes in earths crust, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, happen along plate bounda ries. The greatest revolution in 20th century understanding of how our planet works, known as plate tectonics, happened in the 1960s, and has been so profound that it can be likened to the huge advances in physics that followed einsteins theory of relativity.
Crust is continuously being regenerated and removed. By 1968, the concepts of continental drift and seafloor spreading were united to form the theory of plate tectonics. Plate tectonics plate tectonics is the unifying theory of geology and revolutionized geology cornerstone of earthsystem approach. Notes on plate tectonics plate tectonics states that the earths crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates. Plate tectonics the earths crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in various directions. Create a piece of art model, sculpture, painting, drawing on plate tectonics and include a 5 paragraph explanation of your art. Gottesman hall of planet earth and use what they have learned to complete a ccssaligned writing task, creating an illustrated text about how plate tectonics plays a role in specific earth formations.
According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earths surface is divided into rigid. Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the largescale motion of seven large plates and. Plasienka geological institute, slovak academy of sciences, slovakia keywords. While the earths tectonic plates are in constant motion, the rigid upper layers of. Earths crust and part of the upper mantle are broken into plates, or sections, that move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle. This new method represents a distinct departure from classical continental drift reconstructions, which are not constrained, due to the lack of plate boundaries. Well, i wanted a world that would be possible so i figured out what i needed and built the plate tectonics around that. Plate boundaries are marked by numerous volcanoes and earthquakes.
Earths crust and upper mantle are divided into plates. Nearly a century ago, in 1912, the german geologist alfred wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the earths crust slowly drift atop a liquid core. Later studies by katili 1971 and hamilton 1979 interpreted the evolution of indonesia in terms of plate tectonics. For todays lesson, i collected, printed, and attached plate tectonics pictures to the anchor chart so that students can make connections between the pictures and newly learned information. They might want to prepare a powerpoint presentation, a web page, or a threepanel poster display. Tectonic plates arizona geographic alliance school of geographical sciences and urban planning arizona state university cartographer. A large number of new figures have been added, and new sections included on meteorites, seismic tomography, mantle convection, accretionary terranes, mantle sources and evolution, continental growth, secular changes in earth history, also a new chapter on exogenic. Earth science plate tectonics earth science 4 read and complete the passage with the reference to the appropriate picture. Turn your folded paper so that the open end of the fold is facing you. In the 1960, new technologies such as sonar provided new data that supported wegeners theory of moving plates.
Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the crust, the outer shell of the earth. The earths crust is divided into plates which are moved in various directions. A place where folded and thrust faulted mountains form. Bring the bottom of your paper up so that it almost meets the top of your page about 1 to 2 cm away from the top. There are three principal types of plate boundary divergent, convergent, and transform. Tectonic plates california institute of technology. Description of plates data format for gplates and other users convert. Subsequently, the caribbean plate moved along major strikeslip faults into a preexistent jurassic proto caribbean basin between north and south america. The plates are mobile, moving in constant, slow motion measured in rates of centimeters per year. The theoretical part ends with a summary of the possibility of plate tectonics in the early earth.
391 1193 475 63 1027 917 1324 373 585 982 51 752 315 1261 1129 401 745 494 1032 1332 1512 1231 1112 1035 665 444 633 1255 1086 432 1301 1287 1214 412 26 242 331 146 114